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Phyllostegia racemosa

Benth. (1830)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Lamiales Family: Lamiaceae Genus: Phyllostegia

kīponapona

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Scandent vines, foliage with a spicy odor, new growth subtomentose.

Stems: Stems many-branched, densely villous.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades oblong–lanceolate to oblong–elliptic, 2.5–10 cm long, 1.4–4.3 cm wide. Apex obtuse to rounded. Base cordate, occasionally shallowly so. Surfaces moderately villous and glandular–dotted; hairs on upper surfaces occasionally somewhat appressed. Margins coarsely crenate. Petioles 0.9–3 cm long, densely villous. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers (6–)8–12 per verticillaster, in unbranched, terminal, racemose inflorescences 8–15 cm long, pedicels 1–3 mm long, densely villous, bracts oblong–ovate, ovate, or occasionally upper ones reniform, 5–20 mm long, lowermost pair larger, 20–38 mm long. Calyx campanulate, 3.5–5 mm long, enlarging in fruit, villous and glandular–dotted, lobes oblong to broadly deltate, 1.5–2 mm long, villous and glandular–dotted on both faces, margins usually with 1 to few crenations, apex obtuse to rounded or occasionally subacute, splitting longitudinally, usually persistent or sometimes only ventral 1/2 persistent. Corolla bilabiate, white, tube narrowly funnelform, ca. 7–10 mm long, villous and glandular–dotted, upper Iip ca. 2–2.5 mm long entire or 2-lobed, flat or concave, villous, lower lip ca. 4–5 mm long, 3-lobed, lateral lobes ovate, slightly asymmetrical, lower lobe broadly ovate to suborbicular, slightly folded to form a groove, margins somewhat undulate, apex emarginate or entire; nectary disk often present at base of ovary, annular or developed on anterior side only. Stamens 4, both pairs of similar length or upper pair slightly longer, ascending the upper corolla lip, included, aligned with the sinuses; filaments inserted near throat, usually pubescent; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits; anther sacs divaricate. Ovary superior, 2-carpellate, placentation basal-axile; ovules 1 per ovary lobe; style 1, included, arising between lobes, shortly 2-lobed, the lobes clavate; stigmatic only at apex, 1 lobe often rudimentary; stigmas 2.

Fruit: Nutlets ca. 1.5–2 mm long; 1-seeded; dark green to black; drupaceous; exocarp fleshy; obovoid; margins slightly winged; obliquely attached at the connate base; spreading and exserted from calyx at maturity. Seeds with endosperm absent or scanty and oily.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Rare in mesic to wet forest; on windward slopes.

Elevation Range: 700–1,650 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Ethnobotanical Images

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Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Edwards's Bot. Reg. 15: t. 1292 (1830)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:822 (H)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Phyllostegia racemosa Benth. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes 921 Oahu US 6/25/1915
2 Phyllostegia racemosa Benth. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener, t. murashige & kerr, -- 19791 Hawaii US 8/28/1949
3 Phyllostegia racemosa Benth. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wilkes Explor. Exped. s.n. Hawaii US 1838-00-00
4 Phyllostegia racemosa Benth. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Perlman, S. P.; Jeffrey, J. 12295 Hawaii US 10/8/1991
5 Phyllostegia racemosa Benth. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s. p. perlman & j. jeffrey 12295 Hawaii US 10/8/1991
6 Phyllostegia racemosa Benth. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 5410 Maui US 4/10/1928
7 Phyllostegia racemosa Benth. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 5410 Molokai US 4/10/2028
8 Phyllostegia racemosa Benth. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C. N. 921 H. Hawaii US 6/23/2015
9 Phyllostegia racemosa Benth. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes 921 h. Hawaii US 6/23/1915
10 Phyllostegia racemosa Benth. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O.; Murashige, T.; Kerr, -- 19791 Hawaii US 8/28/1949
11 Phyllostegia racemosa Benth. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In Acacia koa montane mesic forest with Rubus hawaiensis, Myrsine, Dryopteris wallichiana, Phytolacca, Coprosma, Cheirodendron, Passiflora mollissima. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Perlman, S. 12295 Hawaii BISH 10/8/1991
12 Phyllostegia racemosa Benth. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Growing in a kipuka in the lava flow of 1855.Growing with METPOL, ACAKOA, MYOSAN, COPspp., CIBspp., LEPTAM MYRSAN, ILEANO PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Loo, R., No Num. Hawaii BISH 10/28/2014
13 Phyllostegia racemosa Benth. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Climbing on fallen log in very disturbed Metrosideros - Acacia koa forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cuddihy, L.W. Collector Number: 083 Hawaii BISH 12/23/1979
14 Phyllostegia racemosa Benth. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Climax forest of enormous trees of Acacia koa and Cibotium glaucum. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hatheway, W.H. 432 Hawaii BISH 10/28/1950
15 Phyllostegia racemosa Benth. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In rich woods on kipuka N of road. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. murashige; kerr collector number: 19791 Hawaii BISH 8/28/1949
16 Phyllostegia racemosa Benth. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN O. Degener 5410 F 4/10/1928
17 Phyllostegia racemosa Benth. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Area paritally planted with Eucalyptus spp. and other exotics. Plant growing 1.5 m up on an old fallen koa trunk. One other individual seen in area, also growing epiphytically and escaping severe pig rooting in area. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN warshauer, f.r. mceldowney, p.h. collector number: frw 1447 Hawaii BISH 9/26/1977
18 Phyllostegia racemosa Benth. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Rainforest of Metrosideros; Cheirodendron; Myrsine; ferns; Perrottetia; Cyrtandra. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hatheway, w.h. collector number: 432 Maui BISH 10/28/1950
19 Phyllostegia racemosa Benth. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In Acacia koa montane mesic forest with Rubus hawaiensis, Myrsine, Dryopteris wallichiana, Phytolacca, Coprosma, Cheirodendron, Passiflora mollissima. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN perlman, s.p. jeffrey, j. collector number: 12295 Hawaii BISH 10/8/1991
20 Phyllostegia racemosa Benth. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Mesic koa- ohia forest w/ other native trees and a native-exotic shrub and grass u/s. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Warshauer, F.R. FRW 1447 Hawaii BISH 9/26/1977
21 Phyllostegia racemosa Benth. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 921.h Hawaii BISH 6/23/1915
22 Phyllostegia racemosa Benth. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In rich woods on kipuka N of road. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 19791 Hawaii BISH 8/28/1949
23 Phyllostegia racemosa Benth. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Rooted at base of `ohi`a tree and growing thickly on it. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN clarke, g. collector number: 278 Hawaii BISH 11/16/1979
24 Phyllostegia racemosa Benth. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Cystocarpic PRESERVED_SPECIMEN warshauer, f.r. collector number: frw 1326 Oahu BISH 8/17/1977
25 Phyllostegia racemosa Benth. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Rooted at base of `ohi`a tree and growing thickly on it. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Clarke, G. Collector Number: 278 Hawaii BISH 11/16/1979
26 Phyllostegia racemosa Benth. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Growing on fallen Cibotium in closed Acacia koa- Metrosideros- Cibotium forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN warshauer, f.r. collector number: frw 1447 Hawaii BISH 9/26/1977
27 Phyllostegia racemosa Benth. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In open Metrosideros/Dicranopteris Forest. Vegetation: Cheirodendron, Ilex, Broussaisia, Myrsine, Dodonaea, Scaevola, Psychotria, Pteridium, Sadleria. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN cuddihy, l.w. collector number: 636 Maui BISH 10/21/1980
28 Phyllostegia racemosa Benth. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Growing in log jam in disturbed Metrosideros forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cuddihy, L.W. 636 Hawaii BISH 10/21/1980
29 Phyllostegia racemosa Benth. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Area paritally planted with Eucalyptus spp. and other exotics. Plant growing 1.5 m up on an old fallen koa trunk. One other individual seen in area, also growing epiphytically and escaping severe pig rooting in area. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Warshauer, F.R. FRW 1447 Hawaii BISH 9/26/1977
30 Phyllostegia racemosa Benth. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 921.H Hawaii BISH 6/23/1915
31 Phyllostegia racemosa Benth. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Disturbed Metrosideros closed forest with Myoporum on `a`a substrate. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cuddihy, L.W. 138 Hawaii BISH 1/23/1980
32 Phyllostegia racemosa Benth. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Faurie, A. 905 Hawaii BISH 7/1/1909
33 Phyllostegia racemosa Benth. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Found infrequently on skid trail through disturbed Metrosideros forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Anderson, S.J. 409 Hawaii BISH 10/20/1980
34 Phyllostegia racemosa Benth. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Found infrequently on skid trail through disturbed Metrosideros forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Anderson, S.J. Collector Number: 409 Hawaii BISH 10/20/1980
35 Phyllostegia racemosa Benth. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Disturbed Metrosideros closed forest with Myoporum on `a`a substrate. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cuddihy, L.W. Collector Number: 138 Hawaii BISH 1/23/1980
36 Phyllostegia racemosa Benth. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN faurie, a. collector number: 905 Kauai BISH 7/1/1909
37 Phyllostegia racemosa Benth. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 983.H Hawaii BISH 6/28/1915
38 Phyllostegia racemosa Benth. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Rooted at base of `ohi`a tree and growing thickly on it. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Clarke, G. 278 Hawaii BISH 11/16/1979
39 Phyllostegia racemosa Benth. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 983.h Hawaii BISH 6/28/1915
40 Phyllostegia racemosa Benth. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Mesic koa- ohia forest w/ other native trees and a native-exotic shrub and grass u/s. On fallen log. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Warshauer, F.R. FRW 1326 Hawaii BISH 8/17/1977
41 Phyllostegia racemosa Benth. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Growing in log jam in disturbed Metrosideros forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cuddihy, L.W. Collector Number: 636 Hawaii BISH 10/21/1980
42 Phyllostegia racemosa Benth. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Climbing on fallen log in very disturbed Metrosideros - Acacia koa forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cuddihy, L.W. 83 Hawaii BISH 12/23/1979
43 Phyllostegia racemosa Benth. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN C. N. Forbes 921 F 6/25/1915
44 Phyllostegia racemosa Benth. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 5410 F 4/10/1928
45 Phyllostegia racemosa Benth. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. macrae ILL 1825-06-06
46 Phyllostegia racemosa Benth. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Acacia koa montane mesic forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 12295 Hawaii PTBG 10/8/1991
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